Introduction and background - Revision history

Klmos: Minor text improvements

2019-04-24T11:16:49Z

Minor text improvements

Klmos: /* Introduction */

2018-05-30T16:17:39Z

‎Introduction

Klmos at 20:01, 13 February 2018

2018-02-13T20:01:16Z

Klmos: /* Background */

2018-02-09T22:01:52Z

‎Background

Klmos: /* Introduction */

2018-02-09T21:46:47Z

‎Introduction

Klmos: /* Background */

2018-02-09T16:47:24Z

‎Background

Klmos: /* Introduction */

2018-01-29T20:02:43Z

‎Introduction

Klmos at 08:13, 27 February 2017

2017-02-27T08:13:18Z

Klmos at 08:10, 20 February 2017

2017-02-20T08:10:44Z

Klmos: Restructured and reformulated introduction

2017-02-15T08:32:26Z

Restructured and reformulated introduction

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 This Wiki is about field methods, data acquisition and modeling of contaminated limestone sites.
 It is part of the Region H Limestone Project, a collaboration between DTU Environment at the Technical University of Denmark and the Capital Region of Denmark (Region H).
-The limestone project aims at improving our understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers and to identify and develop appropriate tools for the assessment and remedial planning of contaminated sites.
+The limestone project aims at an improved understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers and at the identification and development of appropriate tools for the assessment of contaminated sites and the planning of remedial actions.
-The project involves a combination of field and lab work, and modeling of field data.
+The project involves a combination of field work, laboratory work and modeling of field data.
 This Wiki summarizes the major outcomes of the project and is meant as an information source about contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers.
 The '''goals of the Region H Limestone Project''' are to
 * enhance the conceptual understanding of the behavior of contaminants in fractured limestone aquifers, which are a major drinking water resource in Denmark and other countries
-* develop and test appropriate numerical models for the quantitative description of processes, e.g. for risk assessment or the planning of a remediation strategy
+* develop and test appropriate numerical models for the quantitative description of processes, e.g. for risk assessment or planning of remediation strategies
 * test and evaluate field methods for the determination of relevant hydraulic data and transport properties, which are a prerequisite for modeling
 * test and compare monitoring methods for the characterization of contaminant architecture and dynamics (distribution in the aquifer, localization of DNAPL)
-* contribute to the development and evaluation of contaminant remediation methods
+* contribute to the development and evaluation of remediation methods for contaminated sites
 == Background ==
-[[File:OverviewMapAkacievej.png|thumb|Map showing the location of the Akacievej field site, which was selected as a representative test site.]]
+[[File:OverviewMapAkacievej.png|thumb|Map showing the location of the Akacievej field site, which was selected as representative test site.]]
 Limestone aquifers are important drinking water resources.
-In Denmark, for example, about one third of the drinking water is abstracted from limestone aquifers.
+In Denmark, about one third of the drinking water is abstracted from limestone aquifers.
 Limestone aquifers provide usually high-quality drinking water, which does not need much treatment before it can be supplied to the consumers.
-However, these aquifers are often threatened by pollutants from contaminated sites.
+However, aquifers are often threatened by pollutants from contaminated sites.
 For the protection of such drinking water resources, the understanding of the '''fate and transport behavior of contaminants''' from contaminated sites in limestone aquifers is important.
 This is challenging, because limestone aquifers are often heavily fractured and may contain chert layers and nodules, resulting in a '''complex flow and transport behavior''', which is difficult to predict.
-Standard methods used for conventional porous-media sites without fractures (e.g. sandy aquifers) may give poor or misleading results and more advanced techniques, which consider the processes in both, the fractures and the limestone matrix, are required.
+Standard methods used for conventional porous-media sites without fractures (e.g. sandy aquifers) may give poor or misleading results and more advanced techniques, which consider the processes in both fractures and limestone matrix, are required.
 Different '''field methods''' have been developed in the past to better characterize the flow field and transport behavior in fractured aquifers.
 Moreover, specialized methods for determining aquifer parameters and estimating the contaminant distribution in fractured aquifers have been shown to be useful and are discussed in this Wiki.
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 '''Numerical models''' are essential tools for the prediction of the contaminant behavior in an aquifer and for the planning of remedial actions.
 They can be very useful for the planning and interpretation of field work.
-It is, however, important to select an appropriate model, which accounts for the actual physics and does not oversimplify the studied system.
+It is, however, important to select an appropriate model, which accounts for the actual physics and does not oversimplify the investigated system.
-Then, models can be used very useful tools to improve the conceptual understanding and to guide with decision support for risk assessment and remedial site management.
+Then, models can be very useful tools to improve the conceptual understanding and to guide with decision support for risk assessment and remedial site management.
 This Wiki aims at giving an overview of recent field methods and modeling tools and at evaluating their applicability in fractured limestone aquifers.
 It describes and evaluates some useful methods for the determination of relevant '''field data''' and for the '''assessment of contaminant plumes''' in fractured limestone aquifers.
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 To test field methods and modeling tools and to enhance the conceptual understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers, a representative field site with a PCE contamination in limestone was selected.
 The field site is located at Akacievej in Fløng west of Copenhagen, (see map) and it is referred to as [[The Akacievej field site|'''Akacievej site''']] in the following.
-At the Akaceivej site, a long-term '''pumping test''' was combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient conditions.
+At the Akaceivej site, a long-term '''pumping test''' was combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient flow conditions.
 Furthermore, different hydraulic tests (borehole tests, slug tests etc.) and '''depth-discrete contaminant sampling methods''' were tested and the dynamic changes induced by (remedial) pumping were monitored.
 This gave some important insights and the impacts on the conceptual understanding of the processes in fractured limestone are discussed in this Wiki and in two accompanying reports.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 == Introduction ==
 This Wiki is about field methods, data acquisition and modeling of contaminated limestone sites.
-It is part of the Region H Limestone Project, a collaboration between DTU Environment at the Technical University of Denmark and the Capital Region of Denmark (Region H)
+It is part of the Region H Limestone Project, a collaboration between DTU Environment at the Technical University of Denmark and the Capital Region of Denmark (Region H).
 The limestone project aims at improving our understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers and to identify and develop appropriate tools for the assessment and remedial planning of contaminated sites.
 The project involves a combination of field and lab work, and modeling of field data.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
+|
 == Introduction ==
-This Wiki is part of the Region H Limestone Project, a collaboration between DTU Environment at the Technical University of Denmark and the Captital Region of Denmark (Region H) about the fate of contaminants in fractured limestone aquifers.
+This Wiki is about field methods, data acquisition and modeling of contaminated limestone sites.
 The limestone project aims at improving our understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers and to identify and develop appropriate tools for the assessment and remedial planning of contaminated sites.
 The project involves a combination of field and lab work, and modeling of field data.

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 Different '''field methods''' have been developed in the past to better characterize the flow field and transport behavior in fractured aquifers.
 Moreover, specialized methods for determining aquifer parameters and estimating the contaminant distribution in fractured aquifers have been shown to be useful and are discussed in this Wiki.
-As contaminants, dissolved chlorinated solvents (PCE, TCE etc.) are considered in this Wiki, but the insights can also be transferred to other dissolved contaminants.
+As contaminants, dissolved chlorinated solvents (PCE, TCE etc.) are considered here, but the insights can also be transferred to other dissolved contaminants.
 Another focus of the Limestone Wiki is on modeling techniques for contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers.
 '''Numerical models''' are essential tools for the prediction of the contaminant behavior in an aquifer and for the planning of remedial actions.
 They can be very useful for the planning and interpretation of field work.
-It is, however, important to select an appropriate model, which accounts for the fractured nature of the aquifer and does not oversimplify the studied system.
+It is, however, important to select an appropriate model, which accounts for the actual physics and does not oversimplify the studied system.
-Then, it can be used a very useful tool to improve the conceptual understanding and to guide with decision support for risk assessment and remedial site management.
+Then, models can be used very useful tools to improve the conceptual understanding and to guide with decision support for risk assessment and remedial site management.
 This Wiki aims at giving an overview of recent field methods and modeling tools and at evaluating their applicability in fractured limestone aquifers.
 It describes and evaluates some useful methods for the determination of relevant '''field data''' and for the '''assessment of contaminant plumes''' in fractured limestone aquifers.
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 To test field methods and modeling tools and to enhance the conceptual understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers, a representative field site with a PCE contamination in limestone was selected.
 The field site is located at Akacievej in Fløng west of Copenhagen, (see map) and it is referred to as [[The Akacievej field site|'''Akacievej site''']] in the following.
-It was used to conduct a long-term '''pumping test''' combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient conditions.
+At the Akaceivej site, a long-term '''pumping test''' was combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient conditions.
-Furthermore, different '''depth-discrete contaminant sampling methods''' were tested and the dynamic changes induced by (remedial) pumping were monitored.
+Furthermore, different hydraulic tests (borehole tests, slug tests etc.) and '''depth-discrete contaminant sampling methods''' were tested and the dynamic changes induced by (remedial) pumping were monitored.
 This gave some important insights and the impacts on the conceptual understanding of the processes in fractured limestone are discussed in this Wiki and in two accompanying reports.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
+|
 == Introduction ==
-This Wiki is part of the Region H Limestone Project, a collaboration between DTU Environment at the Technical University of Denmark and Region H about the fate of contaminants in fractured limestone aquifers. The limestone project aims at improving our understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers and to identify and develop appropriate tools for the assessment and remedial planning of contaminated sites. The project involves a combination of field and lab work, and modeling of field data.
+This Wiki is part of the Region H Limestone Project, a collaboration between DTU Environment at the Technical University of Denmark and the Captital Region of Denmark (Region H) about the fate of contaminants in fractured limestone aquifers.
 The '''goals of the Region H Limestone Project''' are to
@@ Line 18: / Line 21: @@
 * test and compare monitoring methods for the characterization of contaminant architecture and dynamics (distribution in the aquifer, localization of DNAPL)
 * contribute to the development and evaluation of contaminant remediation methods
 == Background ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {| class="side1"
-!Highlights
+!Content
 |-
+|
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 * develop and test appropriate numerical models for the quantitative description of processes, e.g. for risk assessment or the planning of a remediation strategy
 * test and evaluate field methods for the determination of relevant hydraulic data and transport properties, which are a prerequisite for modeling
-* test and compare monitoring methods for the characterization of contaminants (distribution in the aquifer, localization of DNAPL)
+* test and compare monitoring methods for the characterization of contaminant architecture and dynamics (distribution in the aquifer, localization of DNAPL)
 * contribute to the development and evaluation of contaminant remediation methods
 This Wiki summarizes the major outcomes of the project and is an information source about contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers.
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 To test field methods and modeling tools and to enhance the conceptual understanding of contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers, a representative field site with a PCE contamination in limestone was selected.
-The field site is located at Akacievej in Fløng west of Copenhagen, (see map) and it is called [[The Akacievej field site|'''Akacievej site''']] in the following.
+The field site is located at Akacievej in Fløng west of Copenhagen, (see map) and it is referred to as [[The Akacievej field site|'''Akacievej site''']] in the following.
 It was used to conduct a long-term '''pumping test''' combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient conditions.
 Furthermore, different '''depth-discrete contaminant sampling methods''' were tested and the dynamic changes induced by (remedial) pumping were monitored.

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 The '''goals of the Region H Limestone Project''' are to
 * enhance the conceptual understanding of the behavior of contaminants in fractured limestone aquifers, which are a major drinking water resource in Denmark and other countries
-* develop and test appropriate mathematical models for the quantitative description of processes, e.g. for risk assessment or the planning of a remediation strategy
+* develop and test appropriate numerical models for the quantitative description of processes, e.g. for risk assessment or the planning of a remediation strategy
 * test and evaluate field methods for the determination of relevant hydraulic data and transport properties, which are a prerequisite for modeling
 * test and compare sampling and analysis methods for the characterization of contaminants (distribution in the aquifer, localization of DNAPL)
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 == Background ==
-[[File:OverviewMapAkacievej.png|thumb|Map showing the location of the Akacievej field site, which was used as selected as a representative test site.]]
+[[File:OverviewMapAkacievej.png|thumb|Map showing the location of the Akacievej field site, which was selected as a representative test site.]]
 Limestone aquifers are important drinking water resources.
 In Denmark, for example, about one third of the drinking water is abstracted from limestone aquifers.
 Limestone aquifers provide usually high-quality drinking water, which does not need much treatment before it can be supplied to the consumers.
 However, these aquifers are often threatened by pollutants from contaminated sites.
-Hence, the understanding of the '''fate and transport behavior of contaminants''' from contaminated sites in '''limestone aquifers''' is important.
+For the protection of such drinking water resources, the understanding of the '''fate and transport behavior of contaminants''' from contaminated sites in '''limestone aquifers''' is important.
-This is challenging because limestone aquifers are often heavily fractured and may contain chert layers and nodules, resulting in a '''complex flow and transport behavior''', which is difficult to predict.
+This is challenging, because limestone aquifers are often heavily fractured and may contain chert layers and nodules, resulting in a '''complex flow and transport behavior''', which is difficult to predict.
-Standard methods used for unfractured sites (e.g. sandy aquifers) may give poor or misleading results and more advanced techniques, which can give information about processes in the fractures and in the limestone matrix, are required.
+Standard methods used for unfractured sites (e.g. sandy aquifers) may give poor or misleading results and more advanced techniques, which consider the processes in both, the fractures and the limestone matrix, are required.
 Different '''field methods''' have been developed in the past to better characterize the flow field and transport behavior in fractured aquifers.
-Moreover, specialized methods for determining aquifer parameters and estimating the contaminant distribution in fractured aquifers have been shown to be useful.
+Moreover, specialized methods for determining aquifer parameters and estimating the contaminant distribution in fractured aquifers have been shown to be useful and are discussed in this Wiki.
-This Wiki aims at giving an overview of recent field methods and modeling tools and at evaluating their applicability.
+As contaminants, dissolved chlorinated solvents (PCE, TCE etc.) are considered in this Wiki, but the insights can also be transferred to other dissolved contaminants.
-To enhance the conceptual understanding of the behavior of contaminants in fractured limestone aquifers a representative field site with a PCE contamination in limestone was selected.
+Another focus of the Limestone Wiki is on modeling techniques for contaminant transport in fractured limestone aquifers.
 The field site is located west of Copenhagen (see map) and is called [[The Akacievej field site|'''Akacievej''']] in the following.
-It was used to conduct a '''pumping test''' combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient conditions and to test different '''depth-discrete contaminant sampling methods'''.
+It was used to conduct a long-term '''pumping test''' combined with '''multiple tracer injections''' under forced gradient conditions and to test different '''depth-discrete contaminant sampling methods'''.
-This gave some important insights and the impacts on the conceptual understanding of processes in fractured limestone are discussed in this Wiki and in an accompanying report.
+This gave some important insights and the impacts on the conceptual understanding of the processes in fractured limestone are discussed in this Wiki and in two accompanying reports.
 |}
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 [[Category:Introduction]]